Logical fallacies are mistakes in reasoning. They make flawed claims. The examples below are using flawed evidence or evidence that is not relevant to make their case.
Here are five examples of fallacies that involve the misuse of evidence.
Texas sharpshooter
Where someone cherry-picks data or finds patterns in random data to falsely fit their argument.
For example: “Three of the five countries with the highest vaccination rates also have the highest rates of brain cancer.”
Burden of proof
You make a claim without evidence and assert that it is up to other people to disprove it rather than for you to offer proof.
For example: "If you can't prove that ghosts don't exist, they must be real."
Begging the question
Presenting an argument where the premise includes the conclusion, meaning the argument just repeats itself without proving anything. It can also be called 'circular reasoning'.
For example: “Australia is the best country to live in because it's better than all the other countries.”
Appeal to nature
Claiming that because something is natural, it is good. And conversely, if something is not found in nature, it is bad.
For example: “Antibiotics are man-made, so they are bad for you. I’ll stick to green tea to stay healthy.”
Anecdotal
Using a personal experience or anecdote as evidence.
For example: “I got the flu vaccine last year and it made me sick with the flu for three weeks.”
